LSAT-Section-1-Logical-Reasoning Section One : Logical Reasoning - Practice Questions

Question 337

The increasing complexity of scientific inquiry has led to a proliferation of multiauthored technical articles. Reports of clinical trials involving patients from several hospitals are usually coauthored by physicians from each participating hospital. Likewise, physics papers reporting results from experiments using subsystems developed at various laboratories generally have authors from each laboratory.

If all of the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true?

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Clinical trials involving patients from several hospitals are never conducted solely by physicians from just one hospital.
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Most reports of clinical trials involving patients from several hospitals have multiple authors.
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When a technical article has multiple authors, they are usually from several different institutions.
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Physics papers authored by researchers from multiple laboratories usually report results from experiments using subsystems developed at each laboratory.
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Most technical articles are authored solely by the researchers who conducted the experiments these articles report.

Question 338

Helena: Extroversion, or sociability, is not biologically determined. Children whose biological parents are introverted, when adopted by extroverts, tend to be more sociable than children of introverted parents who are not adopted.

Jay: Your conclusion does not follow. Some of these children adopted by extroverts remain introverted no matter how young they are when adopted.

Jay's response suggests that he interpreted Helena's remarks to mean that

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biological factors play only a partial role in a child being extroverted
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most but not all children whose biological parents are introverted become extroverted when adopted by extroverts.
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children whose biological parents are introverted, when adopted by extroverts, tend not to be more sociable than children of introverted parents who are not adopted
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biological factors do not play any role in a child being extroverted
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environmental factors can sometimes be more influential than biological factors in determining extroversion

Reference / correct answer:

biological factors do not play any role in a child being extroverted

One short dialogue left to go, and we’re asked for Jay’s interpretation of Helena’s remarks, as evidenced by his response. Helena’s argument relates to the age-old nature/ nurture controversy: Since kids born to introverts (non-social people) are generally more social when raised by extroverts (more social folks), Helena concludes that sociability is not hereditary; that is, is not biologically determined. Jay takes exception to her conclusion, stating that some children of introverts adopted by extroverts remain introverted. But to say, as Jay does, that some adopted kids will remain introverted doesn’t rule out the possibility that extroversion is still primarily a learned trait. Helena never argues that every single kid born to introverted parents will blossom into a social butterfly if adopted by extroverts, but evidently, in attempting to counter her argument, that’s what Jay heard her say. He distorts her argument into a position that’s much more extreme than she intended, entirely ignoring the phrase “tend to be…” Helena’s argument doesn’t preclude the possibility that some adopted kids will remain introverted. Simply stating that some of these kids exist counters her argument only if she stated that biology has absolutely nothing to do with sociability. In advancing his supposed refutation, that’s evidently what Jay heard.

Question 339

Marmosets are the only primates other than humans known to display a preference for using one hand rather than the other. Significantly more marmosets are left-handed than are right-handed. Since infant marmosets engage in much imitative behavior, researchers hypothesize that it is by imitation that infant marmosets learn which hand to use, so that offspring reared by left-handed parents generally share their parents' handedness.

Which one of the following, if true, most supports the researchers' hypothesis?

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A study conducted on adult marmosets revealed that many were right-handed.
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Right-handed marmosets virtually all have at least one sibling who is left-handed.
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According to the study, 33 percent of marmosets are ambidextrous, showing equal facility using either their left hand or their right hand.
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Ninety percent of humans are right-handed, but those who are left-handed are likely to have at least one left-handed parent.
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renders the cause-and-effect much more likely.

LSAT-Section-1-Logical-Reasoning – Section One : Logical Reasoning