LSAT-Section-1-Logical-Reasoning – Section One : Logical Reasoning

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Showing 157–159 of 430 questions

Question 157

Only a very small percentage of people from the service professions ever become board members of the 600 largest North American corporations. This shows that people from the service professions are underrepresented in the most important corporate boardrooms in North America.

Which one of the following points out a flaw committed in the argument?

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Six hundred is too small a sample on which to base so sweeping a conclusion about the representation of people from the service professions.
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The percentage of people from the service professions who serve on the boards of the 600 largest North American corporations reveals little about the percentage of the members of these boards who are from the service professions.
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It is a mistake to take the 600 largest North American corporations to be typical of corporate boardrooms generally.
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It is irrelevant to smaller corporations whether the largest corporations in North America would agree to have significant numbers of workers from the service professions on the boards of the largest corporations.
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The presence of people from the service professions on a corporate board does not necessarily imply that that corporation will be more socially responsible than it has been in the past

Reference / correct answer:

The percentage of people from the service professions who serve on the boards of the 600 largest North American corporations reveals little about the percentage of the members of these boards who are from the service professions.

As soon as you see percentages being discussed, you should pay close attention. And since the question stem tells you that there is a flaw in the argument, it’s a good bet that the author is going to confuse the numbers in some way. The author concludes that people from the service professions are underrepresented in boardrooms because only a very small percentage of people from the service professions ever become board members of the largest corporations. Well, that doesn’t make much sense. There are probably millions of people in any industry you can think of, including the service industry; but there are only a few people (relatively speaking) that are board members of the largest corporations. So by the author’s reasoning, virtually every industry would be underrepresented. Therefore, the author’s conclusion doesn’t logically follow from

the evidence. Option [The percentage of people from the service professions] correctly identifies this flaw; it points out that the way you tell whether a group is Underrepresented is to look at the percentage of board members who come from a particular group – not by looking at what percentage of the group become board members.

Once you have identified this fundamental flaw, none of the other answer choices should have distracted you. Note that options [It is a mistake to take the 600 largest…], [It is irrelevant to smaller corporations whether…] and [The presence of people from the service professions on…] have outside the scope elements, namely, corporate boardrooms generally, smaller corporations, and social responsibility.

Question 158

If there are any inspired musical performances in the concert, the audience will be treated to a good show. But there will not be a good show unless there are sophisticated listeners in the audience, and to be a sophisticated listener one must understand one's musical roots.

If all of the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?

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If there are no sophisticated listeners in the audience, then there will be no inspired musical performances in the concert.
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No people who understand their musical roots will be in the audience if the audience will not be treated to a good show.
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If there will be people in the audience who understand their musical roots, then at. least one musical performance in the concert will be inspired.
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The audience will be treated to a good show unless there are people in the audience who do not understand their musical roots.
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If there are sophisticated listeners in the audience, then there will be inspired musical performances in the concert.

Question 159

Columnist: A recent study suggests that living with a parrot increases one's risk of lung cancer. But no one thinks the government should impose financial impediments on the owning of parrots because of this apparent danger. So by the same token, the government should not levy analogous special taxes on hunting gear, snow skis, recreational parachutes, or motorcycles.

Each of the following principles is logically consistent with the columnist's conclusion EXCEPT:

Select an option, then click Submit answer.

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The government should fund education by taxing nonessential sports equipment and recreational gear.
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The government should not tax those who avoid dangerous activities and adopt healthy lifestyles.
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The government should create financial disincentives to deter participation in activities it deems dangerous.
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The government should not create financial disincentives for people to race cars or climb mountains, even though these are dangerous activities.
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The government would be justified in levying taxes to provide food and shelter for those who cannot afford to pay for them.

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